Validation of a Leadership Behavior Model with an Information and Communication Technology Approach in Government Organizations
Keywords:
Digital leadership, ICT, government organizations, structural equation modeling, participatory leadership, ethical governance, digital transformationAbstract
This study aimed to validate a comprehensive leadership behavior model with an information and communication technology (ICT) approach in government organizations to identify key dimensions and relationships influencing digital transformation and organizational performance. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative phase involved semi-structured interviews with 14 experts, including seven university professors and seven experienced government specialists, to identify main and subthemes of ICT-based leadership behavior. The quantitative phase used a researcher-made questionnaire distributed to 260 employees of the State Organization for Registration of Deeds and Properties, selected via stratified random sampling. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling with SmartPLS. Measurement validity was confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, average variance extracted (AVE), and discriminant validity (HTMT). Structural model evaluation assessed path coefficients, t-values, R², and overall fit indices (SRMR, NFI, chi-square). Inferential analysis confirmed that all hypothesized paths were statistically significant (t > 1.96, p < 0.001), indicating meaningful relationships between the ICT-oriented leadership model and its components. R² values demonstrated moderate explanatory power across endogenous variables, confirming that the model effectively explains variance in leadership dimensions such as digital competency, employee empowerment, administrative process transformation, participatory leadership, ethical governance, cybersecurity, and data-driven decision-making. The measurement model demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and CR > 0.70), convergent validity (AVE > 0.50), and discriminant validity (HTMT < 0.90). Overall model fit was acceptable, with SRMR = 0.076, NFI = 0.873, and a satisfactory chi-square statistic. The study validated a multidimensional ICT-based leadership behavior model for government organizations, highlighting that effective digital leadership requires integration of technological competence, ethical governance, participatory management, data-driven decision-making, and knowledge management to enhance organizational performance and facilitate sustainable digital transformation.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ashraf Jebeli (Author); Masoumeh Jafari; Tahereh hasoomi (Author)
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