Evaluating the Effectiveness of Methods to Divert Intra-city Trips from Motor Vehicles to Walking, Using the X-Minute Zone Approach (Case Study: Tehran City)

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of travel demand management methods and the role of X-minute zones in changing intra-city travel patterns in Tehran. Using a mixed methodology including library and survey studies, this study analyzes the factors affecting the choice of walking and reducing the use of private cars. In the library studies section, by reviewing related scientific articles and texts, the effective criteria for walking were identified and categorized. In the survey section, through questionnaires and simple random sampling, the required data were collected from citizens and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The research findings show that various factors, including the quality of pedestrian infrastructure, the safety of the routes, the appropriate urban design, efficient incentive policies, economic benefits, public health, social interactions, air quality, cultural attractiveness, traffic reduction, the existence of green spaces, cost reduction, mental comfort, impact on lifestyle, environmental motivations, sense of belonging and community, education and information, reduction of environmental stresses, visual appeal, reduction of environmental pollution, reduction of energy consumption, sustainable transport policies, comfort and convenience, tourism opportunities, positive effects on the local economy, suitable weather conditions, physical barriers, suitable space for sports activities, combined transportation, technological infrastructure, positive effects on the environment, lower costs compared to motor transport, interaction with public spaces, development of pedestrian infrastructure and positive user experience affect the choice of walking in intra-city trips. This research emphasizes the importance of sustainable urban planning and the implementation of support policies to promote a culture of walking. The implementation of the "X-minute zones" approach by improving infrastructure, increasing the attractiveness of routes, providing financial and non-financial incentives, and raising public awareness can lead to changes in citizens' travel behavior and reduce dependence on private cars. In addition to reducing traffic and air pollution, this will also help to improve the quality of life, public health and increase social interactions.