Development and Psychometric Validation of an Instrument for Assessing the Quality of Talent Management in the Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO)
Keywords:
AREEO, Mixed-Methods Research, Psychometric Validation, Reliability, Talent ManagementAbstract
Talent management is a strategic capability in knowledge-based organizations and plays a vital role in identifying, attracting, developing, and retaining capable human resources. However, indigenous and valid instruments for assessing the quality of talent management are limited in research and public organizations, particularly in the Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO). Therefore, this study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate an instrument for measuring talent management quality in this organization. The study was applied in purpose and used a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, the dimensions and components of talent management quality were identified through a grounded theory approach, and the initial items of the instrument were developed based on expert insights. In the quantitative phase, the instrument was validated among managers, experts, and relevant staff of AREEO. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a 30-item researcher-developed questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed using first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis, reliability was evaluated through Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity were examined using the average variance extracted (AVE) and the Fornell–Larcker criterion. The findings indicated that the instrument had an appropriate factor structure and satisfactory psychometric properties. Accordingly, the developed instrument can serve as a valid and reliable indigenous tool for evaluating talent management quality and supporting evidence-based decision-making in AREEO.
References
Abbaszadeh, Y., & Abbaszadeh, M. (2016). International Marketing, Its Types of Strategies, and the Status of International Marketing of the Iranian Government and Companies. International Conference on New Ideas in Management, Economics, and Accounting,
Arabshahi, M., Ghafourian Shagerdi, A., Behboudi, O., & Nayebi, A. (2019). Factors Affecting Men's Intention to Purchase Foreign Cosmetic Products: Examining the Role of Consumer Attitudes. International Business Management, 2(3), 87-107. https://sid.ir/paper/380817/fa
Bakhshan, M., Mohammadifard, A., & Abedi, H. (2016). Investigating the Effect of Hostility, Ethnocentrism, and Subjective Norms of Iranian Consumers on the Evaluation of and Willingness to Purchase American Products. National Conference on Global Management and Economics,
Birjandi, M., Gholami, A., & Haghighi, M. (2019). The Effect of the Shopping Value Pattern on Customers' Repurchase Intention. Strategic Management Studies, 10(37), 161-176. https://sid.ir/paper/181550/fa
Bryla, P., & Domanski, T. (2023). Consumer Ethnocentrism, Country of Origin and Marketing: Food Market in Poland. Routledge.
Cateora, P. R., Money, R. B., Gilly, M. C., & Graham, J. L. (2024). International Marketing (19th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A., & Cui, A. (2022). International Marketing (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Emontspool, J., & Woodward, I. (2018). Cosmopolitanism, Markets, and Consumption: A Critical Global Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan.
Faryabi, M., Rahimi Aghdam, S., Kooshesh, M. R., & Pouraghabalaei, A. (2019). The Effect of Market Orientation and International Experience on Export Performance with the Mediating Role of International Marketing Strategy. International Business Management, 2(1), 23-44. https://sid.ir/paper/268551/fa
Gelbrich, K., Muller, S., & Westjohn, S. A. (2023). Cross-Cultural Consumer Behavior. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Ghafourian Shagerdi, A., Behboudi, O., & Momen, M. (2021). The Effect of Consumer Xenocentrism on Intention to Purchase Foreign Products: An Analysis of the Role of Country-of-Origin Image and Brand Attitude. International Business Management, 4(1), 129-146. https://sid.ir/paper/966711/fa
Hoyer, W. D., MacInnis, D. J., & Pieters, R. (2024). Consumer Behavior (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Maleki Minbash Razgah, M., Zarei, A., Feyz, D., & Sharafi, V. (2019). International Marketing Ecosystem. Modern Marketing Research, 6(4), 1-14. https://sid.ir/paper/388170/fa
Mothersbaugh, D. L., Hawkins, D. I., & Kleiser, S. B. (2023). Consumer Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Naami, A., Beyraghipanah, E., & Mohsen, A. (2017). The Effect of Reference Effects on Online Product Purchase Intention. National Conference on Global Scientific Research in Management, Accounting, Law, and Social Sciences,
Nazari, M., & Fathi, H. (2019). Increasing and Decreasing Discount Strategies and Purchase Intention. Business Management Explorations, 11(22), 257-281. https://sid.ir/paper/384060/fa
Samiee, S., Leonidou, L. C., & Katsikeas, C. S. (2024). Research on country-of-origin perceptions: Review, critical assessment, and the path forward. Journal of International Business Studies, 55(3), 285-312.
Schiffman, L. G., & Wisenblit, J. (2019). Consumer Behavior (12th ed.). Pearson.
Sharma, A., Hewege, C., & Perera, C. (2025). Exploring the Relationships Between Behavioural Biases and the Rational Behaviour of Australian Female Consumers. Behavioral Sciences, 15(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15010058
Solomon, M. R. (2023). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being (14th global ed.). Pearson.
Sowmya, R. (2025). Ai-Driven Consumer Behavior Analysis for Optimizing Marketing and Financial Strategies With Machine Learning. Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management, 10(30s), 357-363. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i30s.4842
Sugiardi, S., Apriyanto, A., & Tupamahu, K. H. (2025). E-Commerce and Changes in Consumer Behaviour in the Economy 5.0 Era. Morfai Journal, 5(2), 587-591. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v5i2.2699
Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Dimri, S., Balakrishnan, A., & Jyothi, P. (2025). Role of Digital Marketing in Shaping Travel Decisions: Consumer Behavior in Tourism. In Intersections of Niche Tourism and Marketing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8417-6.ch007
Torelli, C. J., & Rodas, M. A. (2024). Globally-Minded Marketing: A Cultural Approach to Building Iconic Brands. Palgrave Macmillan/Springer.
Turatti, R. C. (2025). Application of artificial intelligence in forecasting consumer behavior and trends in E-commerce. Brazilian Journal of Development, 11(3), e78442-e78442. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv11n3-039
Wang, Y., Shi, J., Ow, T. T., Yun, J., & Yang, Y. (2025). The Impact of Technological Innovations on Consumer Behavior in E-Commerce. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 37(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.372896
Witek-Hajduk, M. K., & Grudecka, A. (2023). Country-of-Origin Effect in International Business: Strategic and Consumer Perspectives. Routledge.
Xiao, J. J., Mahapatra, M. S., & Meng, K. (2025). Artificial intelligence and consumer financial behavior: a systematic literature review and agenda for future research. Journal of Consumer Behavior. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cb.2497
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammadreza Bayegan (Author); Naghi Kamali; Nooraldin Mirzaei, Mohammad Mojtabazadeh (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
